by Jim Rickards, Daily Reckoning:
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the Federal Reserve is meeting today and tomorrow for the purpose of discussing the economy and setting monetary policy going forward.
What does it mean for markets and your money? Today we’ll explore those questions. Let’s first start off with what we know.
We know that tomorrow, the Fed will leave its target rate unchanged. That decision will keep the federal funds target at 5.50%. Why am I so confident about saying that?
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Over the course of 19 FOMC meetings beginning March 16, 2022, I’ve been correct in all of my forecasts, including the policy rate pause that began in September 2023. I’m confident I’ll be correct tomorrow also.
In addition, I expect the Fed will do nothing to contradict prior indications that the rate hike cycle that began in March 2022 is over. In effect, the Fed has concluded that they have reached the terminal rate. That’s the rate at which inflation is expected to come down on its own without further rate hikes.
No Dots
In the Fed’s view, the lagged effect of prior interest rate hikes will do the job of lowering inflation to the Fed’s target of 2.0%. No further action is required. It’s just a matter of time and patience.
This FOMC announcement tomorrow will not include an updated Summary of Economic Projections (SEP), known as the “dots.” These are forecasts of interest rates, unemployment and economic growth offered by members of the Board of Governors of the Fed and regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents.
The dots have been wildly inaccurate in the past. While the dots are technically unimportant and usually wrong, they’re played up in the media. It’s a relief that there will be no dots from this meeting for the media to chew over. There will be a press conference by Fed Chair Jay Powell after the meeting.
Inflation Still Has the Fed Sitting Tight
The reason for the Fed not cutting rates (the infamous “pivot” that Wall Street has been wrong about for two years) is that the Fed is losing the battle against inflation.
When inflation (measured monthly by CPI on a year-over-year basis) dropped from 9.1% in June 2022 to 3.0% in June 2023, the Fed was ready to declare victory. Its goal was still 2.0% annualized inflation, but progress from 9.1% to 3.0% was so dramatic that 2.0% seemed well within reach. It was around that time (July 2023) that the Fed hit the pause button on further rate hikes.
Since then, the inflation news has been consistently bad for the Fed.
Here’s the tale of the inflation tape using the Consumer Price Index on a year-over year basis:
| Date | CPI (year-over-year) |
|---|---|
| June 2023 | 3.0% |
| July 2023 | 3.2% |
| August 2023 | 3.7% |
| September 2023 | 3.7% |
| October 2023 | 3.2% |
| November 2023 | 3.1% |
| December 2023 | 3.4% |
| January 2024 | 3.1% |
| February 2024 | 3.2% |
| March 2024 | 3.5% |
| April 2024 | 3.4% |
| May 2024 | 3.3% |
| June 2024 | 3.0% |
No Sign Inflation’s Going Away
Several facts jump out immediately from this most recent 13-month time series. The first is that inflation isn’t going down in a convincing way.It’s true that inflation dropped from 3.3% in May to 3.0% in June. But the June 2024 3.0% reading is identical to the June 2023 3.0% reading.
In other words, inflation hasn’t moved at all in over a year.
Inflation has bounced around somewhat over the past 13 months, including spikes to 3.7% in August and September 2023. Still, inflation hasn’t budged materially from the 3.1% level reached in January 2024.
The best that can be said is that inflation is in a range of 3.0–3.7% with a central tendency of about 3.3%. It’s been stuck in that range for over one year and is not trending toward the Fed’s stated goal of 2.0%.
Importantly, even if the drop from 3.3% in May to 3.0% in June is the beginning of a sustainable downward trend (that’s not yet clear), it’ll take at least two more months of positive data to convince the Fed that this is a trend and not just another monthly gyration.
That takes a July rate cut off the table and probably September too.
“Outliers”
For purposes of analyzing inflation, I use the headline CPI number. The reason is simple — that’s the number that everyday Americans actually pay at the grocery store and the gas pump, so it’s the best number for understanding behavioral responses, changes in expectations and political implications.
The eggheads at the Fed and Wall Street have devised “core CPI” (excluding food and energy), “super-core CPI” (excluding food, energy and housing), “core PCE” (a completely different index that the Fed prefers that also excludes food and energy), “trimmed-mean CPI” (this measure disregards the highest and lowest figures as “outliers”) and so on.
These measures are devised by economists who must not have enough to do. I understand them all, but I also understand that they’re abstractions that don’t sync up with what people actually pay. Show me someone who doesn’t spend money on food, gas, home heating and rent and maybe I’ll pay attention, but not sooner.
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