from Great Game India:
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference, or more formally the Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization, was a global gathering where ideas for the creation of a “general international organization,” which would later become the United Nations, were developed and negotiated. The United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China served as the conference’s four policemen. It took place in Washington, D.C., at the Dumbarton Oaks estate, from August 21 to October 7, 1944.
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In order to implement paragraph 4 of the Moscow Declaration of 1943, which acknowledged the necessity for a postwar international organization to follow the League of Nations, the Dumbarton Oaks Conference served as the first significant step. Delegates from the Four Policemen, China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom discussed plans to create an organization to uphold global peace and security during the summit.
Sir Alexander Cadogan, the British Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko, the Soviet Ambassador to the United States, Wellington Koo, the Chinese Ambassador to the United Kingdom, and Edward Stettinius Jr., the Under-Secretary of State of the United States, all served as delegation chairs. Stettinius presided over the meeting, while Cordell Hull, the secretary of state of the United States, gave the welcome speech.
Due to the Soviets’ reluctance to meet with the Chinese face-to-face, the discussions took place in two stages. Between August 21 and September 28, delegates from the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States met. In the second, talks took place between September 29 and October 7 between representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the People’s Republic of China.
Setting
These meetings were made possible thanks in large part to Robert Woods Bliss, who, along with his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss, donated Dumbarton Oaks to Harvard University in 1940 to establish a scholarly research institution and museum in Byzantine studies. He had already promised to provide Secretary Hull access to the Dumbarton Oaks facilities in June 1942 on behalf of the director, John S. Thacher, and the Harvard University Trustees. The State Department determined that Dumbarton Oaks could “comfortably accommodate” the delegates in June 1944, and that “the environment [was] ideal,” Harvard University President James B. Conant extended the invitation in a letter dated June 30, 1944.
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